Wednesday, July 11, 2012

PMP Tools and Technique



4.1 Develop Project Charter — PG – Initiating — KA- Integration Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project statement of work
Expert judgment
Project charter
Business case
Contract (if third party project)
Enterprise Enviornmental Factors (EEF): government/industry standards, organizational infrastructure, marketplace conditions
Organisational Process Assets (OPA): Org’s standard processes, policies, definitions, templates, historical info and lessons learned
4.2 Develop Project Management Plan — PG – Planning — KA- Integration Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project charter
Expert judgment
Project management plan
Outputs from Planning process
EEF: Government/industry standards, org structure/infrastructure/culture, project management system
OPA: Standardized guidelines, proposal/performance eval criteria, PMP templates, closure templates, change control procedures, previous project docs like calendars, registers, and baselines.
4.3 Direct And Manage Project Execution — PG – Executing — KA- Integration Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project management plan
Expert judgment
Deliverables
Approved change requests
Project management information system
Work performance information
EEF: Infrastructure, personnel rules, stakeholder risk tolerances, project management information systems
Change requests
OPA: Standardized work guidelines, communication requirements, defect management procedures, project files from previous projects
Project management plan updates
Project document updates
4.4 Monitor and Control Project Work — PG – Monitoring & Controlling  — KA- Integration Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project management plan
Expert judgment
Change requests
Performance reports
Project management plan updates
EEF: Industry/Gov standards, stakeholder risk tolerances, project management information systems
Project document updates
OPA: org communications requirements, financial controls procedures, defect management procedures, risk control/categories/matrices
4.5 Perform Integrated Change Control — PG – Monitoring & Controlling — KA- Integration Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project management plan
Expert judgment
Change request status updates (approved change requests and denied change requests)
Work performance information
Change control meetings
Project management plan updates
Change requests
Project document updates
EEF: project management information system such as a scheduling tool
OPA: change control procedures, process measurement database, project files like baselines, configuration management databases
4.6 Close Project or Phase  — PG – Closing — KA- Integration Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project management plan
Expert judgment
Final product, service, or result transition
Accepted deliverables
OPA updates
OPA: closure guidelines, audits, evaluations and other project docs
5.1 Collect Requirements — PG Planning — KA Scope Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project charter
Interviews
Requirements documentation
Stakeholder register
Focus groups
Requirements management plan
Facilitated workshops
Requirements traceability matrix
Group creativity techniques: brainstorming, nominal group technique, Delphi technique, idea/mind mapping, affinity diagram.
Group decision making techniques: unanimity, majority, plurality, dictatorship
Questionnaires and surveys
Observations
Prototypes
5.2 Define Scope — PG Planning — KA Scope Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project charter
Expert judgment
Project scope statement
Requirements documentation
Product analysis
Project document updates
OPA: Scope statement policies, procedures and templates. Previous project files and lessons learned.
Alternatives identification
Facilitated workshops
5.3 Create WBS — PG – Planning — KA – Scope Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project scope statement
Decomposition
WBS
Requirements documentation
WBS dictionary
OPA: WBS policies, procedures, and templates. Previous project files, lessons learned
Scope baseline
Project document updates
5.4 Verify Scope — PG – Monitoring & Controlling — KA – Scope Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project management plan
Inspection
Accepted deliverables
Requirements documentation
Change requests
Requirements traceability matrix
Project document updates
Validated deliverables
5.5 Control Scope — PG – Monitoring & Controlling — KA – Scope Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project management plan
Variance analysis
Work performance measurements
Work performance information
OPA updates
Requirements documentation
Change requests
Requirements traceability matrix
Project management plan updates
OPA: scope related policies, guidelines, procedures. Monitoring and reporting methods to be used.
Project document updates
6.1 Define Activities — PG – Planning — KA – Time Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Scope baseline (WBS, WBS dictionary, and Project Scope Statement)
Decomposition
Activity list
EEF: PMIS (project management information system)
Rolling wave planning
Activity attributes
OPA: activity planning related policies, procedures, guidelines. e.g. the scheduling methodology.
Templates
Milestone list
Expert judgment
6.2 Sequence Activities — PG – Planning — KA – Time Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Activity list
Dependency determination
Project schedule network diagrams
Activity attributes
Precedence diagramming method (PDM)
Project document updates
Milestone list
Applying leads and lags
Project scope statement
Schedule network templates
OPA: e.g. scheduling methodology files, previous project network diagrams
6.3 Estimate Activity Resources  — PG – Planning — KA – Time Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Activity list
Expert judgment
Activity resource requirements
Activity attributes
Alternatives analysis
Resource breakdown structure
Resource calendars
Published estimating data
Project document updates
EEF: e.g. resource availability and skills
Bottom-up estimating
OPA: Policies and procedures for staffing, renting and purchasing, historical resource usage information
Project management software
6.4 Estimate Activity Durations — PG – Planning — KA – Time Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Activity list
Expert judgment
Activity duration estimates
Activity attributes
Analogous estimating (top down)
Project document updates
Activity resource requirements
Parametric estimating (plotted forecasts)
Resource calendars
Three-point estimating (PERT)
Project scope statement
Reserve analysis
EEF: Reference data, e.g. duration estimating databases, productivity metrics, published commercial information
OPA: historical duration information, project calendars, scheduling methodology and lessons learned.
6.5 Develop Schedule — PG – Planning — KA – Time Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Activity list
Schedule network analysis
Project schedule
Activity attributes
Critical path method
Schedule baseline
Project schedule network diagram
Critical chain method
Schedule data
Activity resource requirements
Resource leveling
Project document updates
Activity duration estimates
What-if scenario analysis
Resource calendars
Applying leads and lags
Project scope statement
Schedule compression
EEF: e.g., a company’s scheduling tool
Scheduling tool
OPA: Scheduling methodology and project calendar
6.6 Control Schedule — PG – Monitoring & Controlling — KA – Time Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project management plan
Performance reviews
Work performance measurements
Project schedule
Variance analysis
OPA updates
Work performance information
Project management software
Change requests
OPA: Schedule control tools, related policies, guidelines, procedures. Monitoring and reporting methods to be used.
Resource leveling
Project management plan updates
What-if scenario analysis
Project document updates
Adjusting leads and lags
Schedule compression
Scheduling tool
7.1 Estimate Costs — PG – Planning — KA – Cost Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Scope baseline
Expert judgment
Activity cost estimates
Project schedule
Analogous estimating
Basis of estimates
Human resource plan
Parametric estimating
Project document updates
Risk register
Bottom-up estimating
EEF: Market conditions, published commercial information
Three-point estimates
OPA: cost estimating policies and templates, historical information and lessons learned
Reserve analysis
Cost of quality
Project management estimating software
Vendor bid analysis
7.2 Determine Budget — PG – Planning — KA – Cost Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Activity cost estimates
Cost aggregation
Cost performance baseline
Basis of estimates
Reserve analysis
Project funding requirements
Scope baseline
Expert judgment
Project document updates
Project schedule
Historical relationships
Resource calendars
Funding limit reconciliation
Contracts
OPA: cost budgeting related policies, procedures, and guidelines. Cost budgeting tools, reporting methods
7.3 Control Costs — PG – Monitoring & Controlling — KA – Cost Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project management plan
Earned value management
Work performance measurements
Project funding requirements
Forecasting
Budget forecasts
Work performance information
To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI)
Organization process assets updates
OPA: cost control-related policies procedures and guidelines. Cost control tools and monitoring / reporting methods to be used.
Performance reviews
Change requests
Variance analysis
Project management plan updates
Project management software
Project document updates
8.1 Plan Quality — PG – Planning — KA – Quality Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Scope baseline
Cost-benefit analysis
Quality management plan
Stakeholder register
Cost of quality
Quality metrics
Cost performance baseline
Control charts
Quality checklists
Schedule baseline
Benchmarking
Process improvement plan
Risk register
Design of experiments
Project document updates
EEF: Associated rules, standards, and guidelines. Government agency regulations. Product’s working / operating conditions.
Statistical sampling
OPA: Organizational quality policies, procedures, and guidelines, historical databases, lessons learned, quality policy (either an endorsed as-is policy or one created by the PM and communicated to stakeholders.)
Flowcharting
Proprietary quality management methodologies (e.g. Six Sigma)
Additional quality planning tools (Group decision techniques, matrices, ..)
8.2 Perform Quality Assurance — PG – Executing — KA – Quality Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project management plan
Plan Quality and Perform Quality Control tools and techniques
OPA updates
Quality metrics
Quality audits
Change requests
Work performance information
Process analysis
Project management plan updates
Quality control measurements
Project document updates
8.3 Perform Quality Control — PG – Monitoring & Controlling — KA – Quality Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project management plan
Cause and effect diagrams
Quality control measurements
Quality metrics
Control charts
Validated changes
Quality checklists
Flowcharting
Validated deliverables
Work performance measurements
Histogram
OPA updates
Approved change requests
Pareto chart
Change requests
Deliverables
Run chart
Project management plan updates
OPA: quality standards and policies, standard work guidelines, and issue / defect reporting procedures
Scatter diagram
Project document updates
Statistical sampling
Inspection
Approved change requests review
9.1 Develop Human Resources Plan — PG – Planning — KA – Human Resource Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Activity resource requirements
Organisation charts and position descriptions
Human Resources plan:  roles and responsibilities, org charts and staffing management plan: resource calendars, acquisition and release, recognition and rewards, safety, compliance and training.
EEF: Company culture, organization, HR, personnel policies, market
Networking
OPA: org chart templates, historical project org info, standard processes and roles descriptions
Organizational theory
9.2 Acquire Project Team  — PG – Executing — KA – Human Resource Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project management plan
Pre-assignment
Project staff assignments
EEF: Org’s skill levels and structure, personnel policies, locale,
Negotiation
Resource calendars
OPA: Org’s standard policies, processes, and procedures
Acquisition
Project management plan updates
Virtual teams
9.3 Develop Project Team — PG – Executing — KA – Human Resource Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project staff assignments
Interpersonal skills
Team performance assessments
Project management plan
Training
EEF updates
Resource calendars
Team-building activities
Ground rules
Co-location
Recognition and rewards
9.4 Manage Project Team — PG – Executing — KA – Human Resource Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project staff assignments
Observations and conversation
EEF updates
Project management plan
Project performance appraisals
OPA updates
Team performance assessments
Conflict management
Change requests
Performance reports
Issue log
Project management plan updates
OPA: bonus structures, certificates of appreciation, newsletters, perks
Interpersonal skills
10.1 Identify Stakeholders — PG – Initiating — KA – Communication Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project Charter
Stakeholder analysis
Stakeholder register
Procurement Documents
Expert judgment
Stakeholder management strategy
EEF: Company Culture, structure, government and industry standards
OPA: Stakeholder register templates, previous stakeholder registers, lessons learned
10.2 Plan Communications — PG – Planning — KA – Communication Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Stakeholder register
Communication requirements analysis
Communications management plan
Stakeholder management strategy
Communication technology
Project document updates
EEF: All the other EEF are used here
Communication models: components are encoding, message/feedback, medium, noise, and decoding
OPA: Lessons learned and historical info from previous projects, as well as all other OPAs.
Communication methods: push, pull and interactive
10.3 Distribute Information — PG – Executing — KA – Communication Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project management plan
Communication methods: mostly push method, like email, memos, etc, but include meetings, teleconferences, online chat, etc.
OPA updates
Performance reports
Information distribution tools
OPA: information distribution guidelines and policies, lessons learned and historical project information
10.4 Manage Stakeholder Expectations — PG – Executing — KA – Communication Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Stakeholder register
Communication methods
OPA updates
Stakeholder management strategy
Interpersonal skills
Change requests
Project management plan
Management skills
Project management plan updates
Issue log
Project document updates
Change log
OPA: org communication requirements, change control and issue management procedures
10.5 Report Performance — PG – Monitoring & Controlling — KA – Communication Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project management plan
Variance analysis
Performance reports
Work performance information
Forecasting methods
OPA updates
Work performance measurements
Communication methods
Change requests
Budget forecasts
Reporting systems
OPA: report templates, measurement indicator definitions, organization’s variance limits
11.1 Plan Risk Management — PG – Planning — KA – Risk Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project scope statement
Planning meetings and analysis
Risk management plan
Cost management plan
Schedule management plan
Communications management plan
EEF: risk attitudes and tolerances
OPA: stakeholder registers, risk categories, common definitions, templates
11.2 Identify Risks — PG – Planning — KA – Risk Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Risk management plan
Documentation reviews
Risk register
Activity cost estimates
Information gathering techniques
Activity duration estimates
Checklist analysis
Scope baseline
Assumptions analysis
Stakeholder register
Diagramming techniques
Cost management plan
SWOT analysis
Schedule management plan
Expert judgment
Quality management plan
Project documents
EEF: Risk attitudes, benchmarking, and published information: checklists, databases, studies.
OPA: Project files, process controls, risk statement templates, lessons learned.
11.3 Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis — PG – Planning — KA – Risk Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Risk register
Risk probability and impact assessment
Risk resister updates:
Risk category grouping
Project risk ranking
Watchlist
Probability estimates of project objectives
Trends of the above data during the project
Risk management plan
Probability and impact matrix
Project scope statement
Risk data quality assessment
OPA: similar project info and project studies, industry risk databases
Risk categorization
Risk urgency assessment
Expert Judgment
11.4 Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis — PG – Planning — KA – Risk Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Risk register
Data gathering and representation techniques: interviewing, probability distributions
Risk resister updates:
List of prioritized, quantified risks
Contingency time and cost reserves
Project estimates: Time and Date vs. Confidence
Probability estimates of project objectives
Trends of the above data during the project
Risk management plan
Quantitative risk analysis and modeling techniques: sensitivity analysis, EMV analysis/decision tree, modeling and simulation (e.g. monte carlo)
Cost management plan
Expert judgment
Schedule management plan
OPA: similar project info and project studies, industry risk databases
11.5 Plan Risk Responses — PG – Planning — KA – Risk Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Risk register
Strategies for negative risks or threats
Risk resister updates:
Residual risks
Secondary risks
Contingency plans
Risk response owners
Fallback plans
Risk triggers
Contracts
Reserves
Risk management plan
Strategies for positive risks or opportunities
Risk-related contract decisions
Contingent response strategies
Project management plan updates
Expert judgment
Project document updates
11.6 Monitor And Control Risks — PG – Monitoring & Controlling — KA – Risk Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Risk register
Risk reassessment
Risk register updates
Project management plan
Risk audits
OPA updates: technical documentation and assumptions
Work performance information
Variance and trend analysis
Change requests
Performance reports
Technical performance measurement
Project management plan updates
Reserve analysis
Project document updates
Status meetings
12.1 Plan Procurements — PG – Planning — KA – Procurement Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Scope baseline
Make-or-buy analysis
Procurement management plan
Requirements documentation
Expert judgment
Procurement statements of work
Teaming aggreements
Contract types
Make-or-buy decisions
Risk register
Procurement documents
Risk-related contract decisions
Source selection criteria
Activity resource requirements
Change requests
Project schedule
Activity cost estimates
Cost performance baseline
EEF: market, availability, suppliers, locale, industry T&Cs
OPA: purchasing policies, management systems, supplier system
12.2 Conduct Procurements  — PG – Executing — KA – Procurement Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project management plan
Bidder conferences
Selected sellers
Procurement documents
Proposal evaluation techniques
Procurement contract awards
Source selection criteria
Independent estimates
Resource calendars
Qualified seller list
Expert judgment
Change requests
Seller proposals
Advertising
Project management plan updates
Project documents
Internet search
Project document updates
Make-or-buy decisions
Procurement negotiations
Teaming aggreements
OPA: prospective/qualified seller lists, historical seller information
12.3 Administer Procurements   — PG – Monitoring & Controlling — KA – Procurement Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Procurement documents
Contract change control system
Procurement documentation
Project management plan
Procurement performance reviews
OPA updates
Contract
Inspections and audits
Change requests
Performance reports
Performance reporting
Project management plan updates
Approved change requests
Payment systems
Work performance information
Claims administration
Records management system
12.4 Close Procurements  — PG – Closing — KA – Procurement Management
Input
Tools & Techniques
Output
Project management plan
Procurement audits
Closed procurements
Procurement documentation
Negotiated settlements
OPA Updates
Records management system